PRIMITIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF COELENTERATES AND ECHINODERMS Primitive nervous systemof coelenterates and echinoderms :- The environment and the need of organism is not constant, it fluctuate every time. So every organism need an inbuilt system that allow it to gather information about changing environment and its body need and then allow to respond according. This […]
PRIMITIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF COELeNTERATES AND ECHINODERMS Read More »
OSMOREGULATION OF FRESHWATER AND MARINE INVERTEBRATES Osmoregulation of freshwater and marine invertebrates- Regulation of osmotic pressure of an organism body fluid is refer to as osmoregulation. It allow to maintain balance of water content, fluid content and electrolytes. Hence due to osmoregulation body neither become too dilute nor become too concentrated. Right concentration of solute
OSMOREGULATION OF FRESHWATER AND MARINE INVERTEBRATES Read More »
EXCRETION IN HIGHER TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES Excretion in higher terrestrial invertebrates – Excretory system regulates the amount of nitrogenous material, inorganic salts and water content in the blood. Both cockroach and earthworm are terrestrial in habitat their excretion is discuss in detail. Nephridia act as primary excretory organs in case earthworm. On the basis of where
EXCRETION IN HIGHER AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Excretion in higher aquatic invertebrates :- Process by which nitrogenous waste produce during metabolism is removed is known as excretion. Some animals such hydra, echinoderms and other may not posses proper excretory organs the reason is quite clear that they are aquatic and it is supposed that nitrogenous material may
EXCRETION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES Excretion in lower invertebrates :- There are thousands of metabolic processes that occur in any animals body. Definitely if they provide energy, and information there are hundreds of useless by product that are also form. This by products which are formed during any metabolic reaction can be toxic for our body
ORGANS AND MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN HIGHER INVERTEBRATES Organs and mechanism of respiration in higher invertebrates :- All animal whether big or small, aquatic, aerial or terrestrial, vertebrates or invertebrates require oxygen for performing basic cellular activities and obtaining energy. Whereas as needs carbon dioxide to be removed from our body. For obtaining energy and
ORGANS AND MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN HIGHER INVERTEBRATES Read More »
ORGANS AND MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES Organs and mechanism of respiration in lower invertebrates – Carbon dioxide can be utilized by plant for the process of photosynthesis. Other than that most of animal eliminate carbon dioxide from their body and mostly supplies their tissues and cells with oxygen. Hence respiration is process by
ORGANS AND MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES Read More »
PATTERN OF FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN HIGHER INVERTEBRATES Pattern of feeding and digestion in higher invertebrates :- There are numerous physical, chemical as well as mechanical process by which invertebrates capture food and passes it to their respective digestive organs. For this purpose different organism utilises different body organs such as tentacles, arms, tube feet,
PATTERN OF FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN HIGHER INVERTEBRATES Read More »
PATTERN OF FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES Pattern of feeding and digestion in lower invertebrates :- Every organism needs energy to perform its basic metabolic function. This energy can be obtain from food and sun. As sun is a universal source of energy but only autotrophic organism can obtain energy from sun. The energy
PATTERN OF FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES Read More »
INTRODUCTION The phylum Bryozoa, or Polyzoa, or Ectoprocta are the greatest and most common of the three lophophore phyla. Colonial sessile animals such as Cnidaria and Ectoprocta were for a long time confused by early naturalist sea plants and named them as zoophytes. In 1827 Grant found that ectoprocta are highly organised than true polyps
ECTOPROCTA – STRUCTURE, LIFE HISTORY, AFFINITIES Read More »
INTRODUCTION The Entoprocta or Endoprocta are group of small sessile aquatic animals. In which the body cavity is believed to be pseudocoel. They were formerly include in the phylum Bryozoa which however are true coelomate animals. Members of phylum Entoprocta were known as early as 1774, when Pallas describe a colony of Pedicellina. In 1870
INTRODUCTION Phoronida are long and thin worm like organisms. All phoronids reproduce sexually. Some of them are hermaphrodite while other aredioecious. Fertilization is internal as well as external. Intermediate larval stage is present. This species generally live in coastline of mostly all oceans and seas except the Antarctic ocean. Phoronids are generally algae feeder and
PHORONIDA – STRUCTURE, AFFINITY AND LIFE HISTORY Read More »
HYDROSTATIC MOVEMENT Hydrostatic movement :- Different organism needs different things for their survival and reproduction. To obtain food and defence itself from predator they must move. Their are different mechanism for movement one of them is hydrostatic movement. Hydrostatic movement occur when dominantly muscles are involved in their movement many organism show such kind of
INTRODUCTION Locomotion in Protozoa – Moving ones body is an essential need of any organism. Some organism are sessile while other moves at very high speed. Some organisms moves very slowly such as amoeba or euglena where as other can move fastest example leopard. There is a vast diversity of organism on the basis of
INTRODUCTION – ORGANIZATION OF COELOM The word coelom describes the body cavity that is internal space. But there can be difference in coelom true coelom will always be fluid filled lying between outer body wall and inner digestive tube. It arises between two layers of embryonic mesoderm and consist of most of the visceral organs.Hence
What are Metazoans? Metazoans can be define as multicellular organisms or as cellular animal or more accurately simply as animals.They are holozoic multicellular organisms. Which are develop from embryo. Their body cells are generally organized in tissues and organs. [exception, porifera have cellular level of organization and coelenterates have tissue level of organization.] There gametes
What is a species? A group or class of animals or plants (usually constituting a subdivision of a genus) having a certain common and permanent characterstics which clearly distinguish it from other groups. BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISM PRE-ZYGOTIC POST-ZYGOTIC ECOLOGICAL HYBRID INVIABILITY TEMPORAL STERLITY BEHAVIORAL (barriers to isolation) REDUCED FITNESS OF HYBRID OFFSPRING
Environmental Limiting Factors Limiting Factors – All living things need food, water, shelter and space to survive. As long as organisms have all of these things available to them their population will continue to grow. However, populations can not grow forever. Some form of environmental resistance will stop the population’s growth. The form of environmental resistance
The rotifera are wheel animalcules. They are microscopic, bilaterally symmetrical, free living aquatic animals and pseudocoelomate animals.
ROTIFERA – STRUCTURE,LIFE HISTORY AND AFFINITIES Read More »
Key Characters of Holocephali General organization of Holocephalians External Features of Holocephali Fins and Locomotion Digestive System Respiratory System Circulatory System Nervous System Urinogenital System Fertilization Eggs and Development Sensory Organs Affinities of Holocephali Resemblances with the Elasmobranchs Primitive Shark’s Features of Holocephali Modern Shark’s Features of Holocephali Resemblances with Dipnoi Resemblances with Teleosts Primitive
Holocephali – General organization and affinities Read More »
