Echinocardium: Detailed Overview of the Sea Potato Genus Echinocardium is a genus of heart urchins belonging to the family Loveniidae within the class Echinoidea of phylum Echinodermata. These marine echinoderms are distinguished by their heart-shaped, somewhat inflated tests and a dense covering of short spines. Commonly referred to as "sea…
Clypeaster: Detailed Overview of the Sea Biscuit Genus Clypeaster is a genus of echinoderms known as sea biscuits, belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. These marine animals are closely related to sand dollars but distinct due to their thicker, more inflated body and pentagonal shape. Sea biscuits are adapted for life…
Echinarachnius: Comprehensive Overview of the Sand Dollar Genus Echinarachnius is a genus of echinoderms commonly known as "sand dollars," most notably represented by Echinarachnius parma. Sand dollars are easily recognized by their flat, disc-like bodies and intricate symmetrical patterns visible on their skeleton, or "test." Unlike typical sea urchins, Echinarachnius…
Strongylocentrotus: A Detailed Overview of the Purple and Green Sea Urchins Strongylocentrotus is a genus of sea urchins from the family Strongylocentrotidae, notable for their spiny globular bodies and ecological significance in coastal marine ecosystems. The genus includes several species such as S. purpuratus (purple sea urchin) and S. droebachiensis…
Echinus: A Comprehensive Overview of the Common Sea Urchin Echinus is a genus of sea urchins notable for their globular, spiny bodies and ecological importance in marine environments. These echinoderms belong to the family Echinidae, within the class Echinoidea, phylum Echinodermata. Sea urchins in the genus Echinus are distributed widely…
Ophiothrix: An In-Depth Overview of Morphology, Classification, Habitat, Behavior, Reproduction, and Ecological Significance Ophiothrix is a large and diverse genus of brittle stars within the family Ophiotrichidae, belonging to the class Ophiuroidea and phylum Echinodermata. With approximately 93 recognized species, Ophiothrix is one of the most widespread brittle star genera,…
Ophiolepis: A Detailed Study on Morphology, Classification, Habitat, Behavior, Reproduction, and Ecological Significance Ophiolepis is a genus of brittle stars belonging to the family Ophiolepididae within the class Ophiuroidea of phylum Echinodermata. These marine invertebrates are characterized by their slender, flexible arms and a distinct central disc. Ophiolepis species are…
Ophiocoma: Comprehensive Overview of Morphology, Classification, Habitat, Behavior, and Ecological Role Ophiocoma is a genus of brittle stars under the family Ophiocomidae within the class Ophiuroidea, phylum Echinodermata. These marine organisms are closely related to sea stars but differentiated by their slender, highly flexible arms which they use for movement…
Ophioderma: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Brittle Stars Ophioderma is a genus of brittle stars belonging to the family Ophiodermatidae in the class Ophiuroidea. Brittle stars, also known as serpent stars due to their snake-like flexible arms, are closely related to starfish but differ by having a distinct…
Astropecten: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Sand Sea Stars Astropecten is a genus of sea stars belonging to the family Astropectinidae, commonly referred to as sand sea stars or comb sea stars. These starfish are adapted to live in sandy or silty sediment habitats where they often remain…
Luidia: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Spiny Long-Armed Starfish Luidia is a genus of starfish belonging to the family Luidiidae and is notable for its long, slender arms often fringed with spines and pointed tips. Species in this genus are distributed worldwide and inhabit various marine environments from…
Anthenea: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Cake Sea Stars Anthenea is a genus of sea stars in the family Oreasteridae, commonly called "cake sea stars" due to their characteristic thick, rounded, disc-like bodies. Members of Anthenea are noted for their pentaradial symmetry, striking colors, and adaptability to warm,…
Pentaceros: The Sea Pentagon (Starfish) – Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Significance Pentaceros, commonly described as the "sea pentagon" or starfish, is a classic genus representing pentaradial symmetry—one of the defining features of echinoderms. It is considered a key example in zoology for understanding echinoderm structure, regeneration, and evolutionary links…
Asterias: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Common Sea Stars Asterias is a genus of sea stars belonging to the family Asteriidae within the class Asteroidea of the phylum Echinodermata. Members of this genus are among the best-known starfish, including species such as Asterias rubens, the common starfish of…
Antedon: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Feather Stars (Crinoidea) Antedon is a genus of feather stars, which are stalkless crinoids belonging to the class Crinoidea of the phylum Echinodermata. These marine animals are known for their feathery, branched arms used both for suspension feeding and locomotion. Unlike sea…
Phylum Echinodermata: Characteristics, Classification, and Importance Phylum Echinodermata is one of the most fascinating and unique groups in the animal kingdom. These exclusively marine animals exhibit remarkable features, including a water vascular system, radial symmetry in adults, and a calcareous endoskeleton. Echinoderms include familiar sea creatures like starfish, sea urchins,…
Penaeus: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Economic Importance of Penaeid Shrimps Penaeus is a genus of large prawns within the family Penaeidae, well known for species such as the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), which is among the most important farmed crustacean species worldwide. Penaeid shrimps are commercially vital in fisheries…
Squilla: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of the Mantis Shrimp Squilla is a genus of mantis shrimps belonging to the family Squillidae within the order Stomatopoda. Mantis shrimps are carnivorous marine crustaceans known for their powerful raptorial appendages used for hunting prey. Squilla species, such as Squilla mantis, are…
Bopyrus: Morphology, Parasitism, and Ecological Impact of Ectoparasitic Isopods Bopyrus is a genus within the family Bopyridae, consisting of parasitic isopods known for their ectoparasitic lifestyle primarily on decapod crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs. These crustaceans are remarkable for their specialized adaptations to parasitism, living in the branchial chambers…
Oniscus: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecology of the Woodlouse Genus Oniscus is a genus of terrestrial isopods commonly known as woodlice, belonging to the family Oniscidae within the order Isopoda. These small, segmented crustaceans are adapted to life on land, typically found in moist environments under logs, stones, leaf litter,…
Caprella: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecology of Skeleton Shrimps Caprella is the largest genus within the family Caprellidae, commonly known as skeleton shrimps. These amphipod crustaceans are recognized for their slender, elongated, and stick-like bodies that give them a unique appearance resembling skeletons or ghostly forms. Found predominantly in marine…
Gammarus: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of Amphipod Crustaceans Gammarus is a diverse genus of small, laterally compressed amphipod crustaceans belonging to the family Gammaridae. With over 200 described species, this genus is one of the most species-rich among crustaceans. Commonly referred to as “scuds,” Gammarus species are key…
Sacculina: Morphology, Parasitism, and Ecological Impact of the Parasitic Barnacle Sacculina is a genus of parasitic barnacles belonging to the infraclass Rhizocephala. Unlike typical barnacles that live attached to hard substrates, Sacculina species are parasitic castrators of crabs. Their adult form bears little resemblance to conventional barnacles; instead, they exhibit…
Balanus: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of the Acorn Barnacle Balanus is a genus of acorn barnacles belonging to the family Balanidae. These sessile crustaceans are abundant in marine intertidal and subtidal zones worldwide and are well-known for their hard, conical shells that form dense clusters on rocks, piers,…
Lepas: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Life History of the Goose Barnacle Lepas is a cosmopolitan genus of stalked barnacles commonly called “goose barnacles,” belonging to the family Lepadidae. These pelagic cirripedes are known for their flexible, stalk-like peduncle and smooth, calcareous plates that surround the body, called the capitulum. Members…
Apus: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Life History of the Tadpole Shrimp Apus is a genus of freshwater crustaceans commonly known as tadpole shrimps, belonging to the order Notostraca within the class Branchiopoda. Distinguished by their shield-like carapace and elongated bodies, tadpole shrimps are ancient crustaceans often considered living fossils, showing…
Phylum Arthropoda: Characteristics, Classification, and Significance Phylum Arthropoda is the largest and most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom, accounting for over 80% of all known animal species. From the tiny insects buzzing in our gardens to the majestic crustaceans dwelling in oceans, arthropods are found in almost every habitat…
Aplysia: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Neurobiological Importance of the Sea Hare Aplysia is a genus of large sea slugs commonly known as sea hares, belonging to the family Aplysiidae. These marine gastropod mollusks are notable for their soft, often leathery bodies and reduced internal shells. Sea hares have distinctive parapodia—wing-like…
Murex angulifer: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of the Spiny Rock Snail Murex angulifer is a species of predatory sea snail belonging to the family Muricidae, commonly known as rock snails or murex snails. Recognized for their robust, spiny shells and ornate appearance, Murex species have fascinated collectors and…
Pila globosa: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of the Apple Snail Pila globosa, commonly known as the apple snail, is a freshwater gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Ampullariidae. These snails are recognized for their large, globose shells resembling an apple, and their ecological adaptability to a variety of…
Cypraea: The Cowry Shells – Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Importance Cypraea is a prominent genus within the family Cypraeidae, commonly known as cowries, characterized by their glossy, smooth, and often vibrantly patterned shells. Cowries have fascinated humans for centuries due to their unique aesthetics and cultural significance as currency,…
Haliotis: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Importance of Abalone Haliotis, commonly known as abalone, is a genus of marine gastropod mollusks in the family Haliotidae. These animals are renowned for their distinct, ear-shaped shells featuring a row of respiratory pores running along the shell margin. The genus is culturally and…
Fissurella: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of the Keyhole Limpets Fissurella is a genus of marine gastropod mollusks commonly known as keyhole limpets due to the distinctive hole or slit located at the apex of their conical shells. These limpets are part of the family Fissurellidae and are widely…
Patella: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role of the True Limpet Patella is a genus of marine gastropod mollusks commonly known as true limpets. Belonging to the family Patellidae, these animals are characterized by their conical, uncoiled shells and strong adhesion to hard substrates such as rocks in intertidal and…
Dentalium: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Cultural Significance of the Tusk Shell Mollusc Dentalium, commonly known as tusk shells or tooth shells, is a genus of marine molluscs belonging to the class Scaphopoda. These animals are named for their distinctive slender, tubular, tusk-like shells open at both ends, which have fascinated…
Introduction Chitons are marine mollusks classified under the class Polyplacophora, sometimes called sea cradles or coat-of-mail shells due to their distinctive armored, segmented dorsal plates. They are notable for their flat, oval bodies covered with eight overlapping calcareous plates embedded in a girdle. They are found worldwide, predominantly in intertidal…
Chaetoderma: Morphology, Systematics, Habitat, Life Cycle, and Ecological Significance of the Primitive Aplacophoran Mollusc Introduction Chaetoderma is a distinctive genus of shell-less, worm-like mollusks grouped under the class Caudofoveata (also called Chaetodermomorpha), a basal lineage within the phylum Mollusca. Sometimes called "glistenworms" for their shiny cuticle covered with calcareous spicules,…
Introduction Phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and most diverse groups in the animal kingdom, comprising over 85,000 recognized species and potentially many more undiscovered ones. The term "Mollusca" comes from the Latin word mollis, meaning soft, referring to the soft-bodied nature of these animals. Members of this phylum…
Sabella and Parasabella: The Marine Feather Duster Worms – Biology, Morphology, Habitat, and Ecological Significance Sabella and Parasabella are genera of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Sabellidae, commonly known as feather duster worms due to their distinct fan-like radioles that protrude from their tubes. These worms are filter…
Chaetopterus: The Parchment Worm – Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Role Chaetopterus, commonly known as the parchment worm or parchment tube worm, is a genus of marine polychaete annelids renowned for their unique tube-dwelling behavior and distinctive parchment-like tubes they construct in sedimentary marine environments. These worms display remarkable adaptations…
Tomopteris: The Gossamer Worm – Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Insights Tomopteris, commonly referred to as the gossamer worm, is a fascinating genus of marine planktonic polychaete worms belonging to the family Tomopteridae. Ever since its scientific naming, meaning "a cut wing" or "fin" in Greek, Tomopteris has drawn considerable…
Aphrodite: The Sea Mouse – Morphology, Classification, Habitat, and Ecological Significance Aphrodite, commonly known as the "sea mouse," is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Aphroditidae. These fascinating annelids are named after the Greek goddess of love because of their delicate, iridescent appearance reminiscent of fine…
Glycera: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, Behavior, and Ecological Role of the Bloodworm Glycera is a genus of polychaete annelids commonly known as bloodworms due to their reddish color derived from hemoglobin-rich blood. These marine worms are notable for their carnivorous predatory habits, venomous jaws, and ecological significance in benthic marine ecosystems.…
Syllis: Biology, Classification, Habitat, Morphology, and Reproductive Features of the Polychaete Worm Syllis is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Syllidae. These worms are small to medium-sized segmented annelids, widely distributed in marine environments from intertidal zones to deeper waters. Syllis species are known for their…
Eunice: Morphology, Classification, Habitat, Life Cycle, and Ecological Significance of the Marine Polychaete Worm Eunice is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Eunicidae. These worms are renowned for their often large size, vigorous predatory behavior, and remarkable morphological features that have earned them nicknames such as…
Polynoe: Biology, Classification, Habitat, Anatomy, and Ecological Significance of the Marine Scale Worm Polynoe is a genus of polychaete worms belonging to the family Polynoidae, often collectively known as scale worms due to their distinctive dorsal scales called elytra. These marine annelids inhabit a wide range of oceanic environments from…
Heteronereis: The Sexual Phase of Nereis – Morphology, Life Cycle, Habitat, and Reproductive Adaptations Introduction Heteronereis represents a distinctive sexual form or epitokous phase in certain polychaete worms, particularly those within the genus Nereis (family Nereididae). Unlike the usual benthic crawling larvae or adults, Heteronereis are free-swimming mature worms specialized…
Nereis: Biology, Classification, Habitat, and Life Cycle of the Marine Polychaete Worm Introduction Nereis, commonly known as ragworms or clam worms, is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Nereididae. These worms are one of the most widespread and abundant annelids found in marine environments, particularly in…
Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida is one of the most diverse and evolutionarily significant groups of invertebrate animals. Known commonly as segmented worms, members of this phylum exhibit a high degree of organization and specialization that distinguishes them from simpler invertebrates. Their body segmentation, advanced organ systems, and ecological roles make…
Ascaris lumbricoides : Biology, Classification, Epidemiology, and Identification Introduction Ascaris lumbricoides is a large parasitic roundworm and one of the most common human intestinal helminths worldwide. It belongs to the phylum Nematoda and is the causative agent of ascariasis, a soil-transmitted helminth infection affecting millions, especially where sanitation is poor.…
Phylum Aschelminthes Phylum Aschelminthes, also known as Nemathelminthes, includes a group of pseudocoelomate, unsegmented, and bilaterally symmetrical invertebrates. These organisms are mostly microscopic or small, and they occupy a variety of habitats ranging from freshwater and marine environments to soil and the internal organs of animals and plants as parasites.…
Introduction Moniezia expansa, commonly known as the sheep tapeworm or double-pored ruminant tapeworm, is a large cestode parasite inhabiting the small intestines of ruminants such as sheep, goats, and cattle. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions and is an important parasite for veterinary health due to its potential…
Introduction Taenia saginata, commonly known as the beef tapeworm, is a parasitic cestode of major medical and veterinary importance. Belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Cestoda, it infects humans as the definitive host and cattle as the intermediate host. Humans acquire taeniasis by consuming raw or undercooked beef containing…
Introduction Taenia solium, commonly referred to as the pork tapeworm, is a parasitic flatworm of great medical and veterinary significance. It belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Cestoda. This tapeworm primarily infects humans as the definitive host and pigs as the intermediate host. Taenia solium causes two distinct diseases:…
Fasciola hepatica (Sheep Liver Fluke): Detailed Biology, Life Cycle, Habitat, and Global Impact Fasciola hepatica, commonly known as the sheep liver fluke or common liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm belonging to the class Trematoda in the phylum Platyhelminthes. It is a significant parasite affecting the liver of various mammals…
Introduction Bipalium is a genus of large, terrestrial predatory flatworms often called hammerhead worms or broadhead planarians due to their distinctive, expanded head shape. These land planarians are widely recognized for their predatory habits and invasive potential, making them remarkable subjects in ecological and biological studies. Bipalium species are notorious…
Dugesia Planaria: A Comprehensive Study Planaria, commonly known as planarian flatworms, belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes. These are free-living, non-parasitic flatworms widely studied in developmental biology due to their extraordinary regenerative abilities. Found predominantly in freshwater bodies, Dugesia species play a critical ecological role by preying on small invertebrates and…
A Comprehensive Exploration of Platyhelminthes and Their Diverse Classes Platyhelminthes, commonly known as flatworms, represent one of the simplest yet ecologically and medically significant animal phyla. Characterized by their dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented bodies, flatworms inhabit a diverse array of environments ranging from freshwater and marine to terrestrial ecosystems. This phylum…
Beroe: A Detailed Insight into Classification, Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior Beroe is a genus of comb jellies (phylum Ctenophora) that stands out due to its active predatory lifestyle and unique morphological features. Unlike many ctenophores which feed passively on plankton, Beroe species are voracious predators specializing in feeding on other…
Tjalfiella: An In-depth Overview of Classification, Habitat, Morphological Traits, and Ecological Significance Tjalfiella is a fascinating and less widely known genus within the phylum Ctenophora, representing benthic marine ctenophores with specialized adaptations for crawling lifestyles. These organisms contribute uniquely to marine biodiversity, bridging planktonic and benthic ecosystems. This article explores…
Unveiling Ctenoplana: A Detailed Exploration of its Classification, Habitat, Morphology, and Ecological Role Ctenoplana is a fascinating genus within the phylum Ctenophora, representing unique benthic ctenophores known for their flattened, creeping body form and intricate ecological relationships. Unlike the free-swimming comb jellies commonly encountered in pelagic zones, Ctenoplana species have…
Exploring Coeloplana: Classification, Habitat, Morphology, and Ecological Role Classification of Coeloplana Kingdom: Animalia — Complex multicellular organisms Phylum: Ctenophora — Marine invertebrates known for their eight rows of ciliary combs for locomotion Class: Tentaculata — Possess retractile tentacles with adhesive cells called colloblasts Order: Platyctenida — Benthic ctenophores flattened for…
Cestum: Comprehensive Insights into Classification, Habitat, and Characteristics Classification of Cestum Kingdom: Animalia — Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with complex cell structures Phylum: Ctenophora — Marine invertebrates known as comb jellies, possessing ciliated comb rows for locomotion Class: Tentaculata — Ctenophores possessing tentacles with colloblasts (adhesive cells) Order: Cestida — Unique…
Diphyes: Comprehensive Study on Classification, Habitat, Characteristics, and Ecology Classification of Diphyes Kingdom: Animalia — Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms exhibiting cellular specialization Phylum: Cnidaria — Radially symmetrical aquatic animals with cnidocytes (stinging cells) Class: Hydrozoa — Diverse hydrozoans with polyp and medusa stages Subclass: Hydroidolina — Advanced hydrozoans with complex life…
Gonionemus: Classification, Habitat, Characteristics, and Ecological Significance Classification of Gonionemus Kingdom: Animalia — Multicellular eukaryotes with complex bodily functions Phylum: Cnidaria — Radially symmetrical aquatic animals equipped with cnidocytes (stinging cells) Class: Hydrozoa — Hydrozoans exhibiting polyp and medusa stages in their life cycle Order: Limnomedusae — Hydrozoans with unique…
Stylaster: Classification, Habitat, Characteristics, and Ecological Significance Classification of Stylaster Kingdom: Animalia — Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with complex cellular organization Phylum: Cnidaria — Aquatic animals with radial symmetry and specialized stinging cells (cnidocytes) Class: Hydrozoa — Predominantly colonial animals with polyp and medusa life stages Order: Anthoathecata — Hydrozoans characterized…
Millepora (Stinging Coral): Classification, Habitat, Characteristics, and Importance Classification of Millepora (Stinging Coral) Kingdom: Animalia — Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with complex cellular structure Phylum: Cnidaria — Aquatic animals characterized by radial symmetry and cnidocytes (stinging cells) Class: Hydrozoa — Mostly colonial, small aquatic animals with polyp and medusa life stages…
Hydractinia: Classification, Habitat, Characteristics, and Identification Hydractinia is a genus of colonial marine hydrozoans within the phylum Cnidaria. Known for its intricate colonial structures and symbiotic associations, Hydractinia species contribute substantially to benthic marine ecosystems and serve as model organisms for studying colonial biology and regeneration. Classification of Hydractinia Kingdom:…
Ceratella: Comprehensive Study on Classification, Habitat, Characteristics, and Identification Ceratella is a genus within the phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa, known for its colonial lifestyle and ecological importance in freshwater habitats. Despite their tiny and often overlooked presence, Ceratella species exhibit fascinating biological adaptations that make them vital to aquatic ecosystems…
Classification of Hydra Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria (aquatic animals with radial symmetry and specialized stinging cells) Class: Hydrozoa (mostly colonial with polyp and medusa stages, Hydra lacks medusa) Order: Anthomedusae (Anthothecata) Family: Hydridae Genus: Hydra Hydra is a fascinating genus of tiny, freshwater animals within the Phylum Cnidaria and Class Hydrozoa. These creatures are notable for…
Phylum Ctenophora overview Phylum Ctenophora, commonly known as comb jellies, represents a fascinating group of marine animals renowned for their distinctive locomotion and ecological role in oceans worldwide. The name "ctenophora" originates from the Greek words "ktenos" meaning comb and "phoros" meaning bearer, reflecting the hallmark feature of these creatures—the…
Overview and General Characteristics Phylum Coelenterata (also known as Cnidaria) is a major group of aquatic animals chiefly marine, showcasing an array of biologically diverse and ecologically important organisms. This phylum includes well-known marine forms such as jellyfishes, corals, sea anemones, hydroids, and sea pens. Coelenterates are pivotal to marine…
Classification of Hircinia Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing aquatic animals with cellular grade organization) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons comprised of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Dictyoceratida (Sponges characterized by a skeleton mainly of spongin without siliceous spicules) Family: Irciniidae (Sponges characterized by dense fibrous skeletons and tough, leather-like texture) Genus: Hircinia Hircinia is a genus of…
Classification of Euspongia Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing aquatic animals with cellular grade organization) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons comprised of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Dictyoceratida (Sponges characterized by a skeleton mainly of spongin without siliceous spicules) Family: Spongiidae (Sponges with fibrous skeletons often used for commercial sponges) Genus: Hippospongia Euspongia, commonly known as the bath sponge, is a…
Classification of Hippospongia Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing aquatic animals with cellular grade organization) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons comprised of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Dictyoceratida (Sponges characterized by a skeleton mainly of spongin without siliceous spicules) Family: Spongiidae (Sponges with fibrous skeletons often used for commercial sponges) Genus: Hippospongia…
Classification of Ephydatia Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular organization and asymmetrical or radial body forms) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons made of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Spongillida (Freshwater sponges adapted to continental water bodies) Family: Spongillidae (Sponges with gemmules for dormancy and survival during adverse conditions) Genus:…
Classification of Poterion Phylum: Porifera (Aquatic animals with porous bodies and cellular grade of organization) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons composed of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Poecilosclerida (Characterized by diverse shaped spicules including megascleres and microscleres) Family: Desmacellidae (Sponges with a skeleton primarily made of megascleres, typically including…
Classification of Microciona Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular organization and asymmetrical or radial symmetry) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons made of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Poecilosclerida (Sponges characterized by diverse spicule types and typically specialized skeletons) Family: Microcionidae (Sponges with a skeleton primarily of acanthostyles and other…
Classification of Halichondria Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular organization and asymmetrical or radial body plans) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons made of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Suberitida (Massive or encrusting sponges with typically simple canal systems) Family: Halichondriidae (Soft-textured sponges, many of which are polymorphic and robust)…
Classification of Chalina Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with a simple, cellular-grade body organization) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons of spongin fibers, sometimes reinforced with siliceous spicules) Order: Haplosclerida (Sponges with a predominantly reticulate skeleton formed by spongin and siliceous oxeas) Family: Chalinidae (Typically thinly encrusting or finger-like sponges with elastic,…
Classification of Tethya Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular-level organization and asymmetrical to radial symmetry) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons composed of spongin fibers and siliceous spicules) Order: Tethyida (Characterized by the distinct arrangement of euasters and megascleres) Family: Tethyidae (Sponges with stylote megascleres and two categories of euasters) Genus:…
Classification of Spongilla Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular grade and asymmetrical or radial symmetry) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons composed of spongin fibers, siliceous spicules, or both) Order: Spongillida (Freshwater sponges adapted to non-marine habitats) Family: Spongillidae (Sponges typically with gemmule formation for dormancy) Genus: Spongilla Spongilla is a genus of freshwater sponges well-known…
Classification of Cliona Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular level organization and generally asymmetrical forms) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons of spongin fibers, siliceous spicules, or both) Order: Clionaida (Sponges specialized in boring calcareous materials) Family: Clionaidae (Sponges exhibiting aggressive excavation of limestone, mollusc shells, and coral reefs) Genus: Cliona…
Classification of Chondrilla Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with cellular organization, asymmetrical or radial symmetry) Class: Demospongiae (Sponges with skeletons composed of spongin fibers or non-six-rayed siliceous spicules) Order: Tetractinellida (Sponges characterized by tetraxon spicules) Family: Chondrillidae (Soft-bodied sponges with spherical spicules called spherasters in cortex) Genus: Chondrilla Chondrilla is a…
Classification of Oscarella Phylum: Porifera (Pore-bearing animals with a cellular organization and asymmetrical or radial symmetry) Class: Homoscleromorpha (Simple marine sponges with a unique basement membrane and reduced skeleton) Order: Homosclerophorida (Sponges lacking mineral skeleton or possessing simple siliceous spicules) Family: Oscarellidae (Sponges characterized by soft, encrusting forms without spicules)…
Classification of Pheronema Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- HexactineIlida (Marine glass sponges with siliceous spicules of triaxon or six-pointed type) Order :- Amphidiscophora (Hexaster spicules absent; amphidiscs present and skeleton mainly of diactins) Family: Pheronematidae (Deep-sea glass sponges with long twisted root…
Classification of Hyalonema Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- HexactineIlida (Marine glass sponges with siliceous spicules of triaxon or six-pointed type) Order :- Amphidiscophora (Hexaster spicules absent; amphidiscs present and skeleton mainly of diactins) Family: Hyalonematidae (Deep-sea sponges with long root tuft of…
Classification of Euplectella Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- HexactineIlida (Glass sponges with siliceous spicules of triaxon or six-pointed type) Order :- Lyssacinosida (Sponges with a flexible siliceous skeleton and lack of dermal spicules) Family: Euplectellidae (Basket-like or tubular glass sponges living in…
Classification of Leucila Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- Calcarea (Calcareous spicules present) Order :- Heterocoe (Syconoid sponges with internal folds) Genus :- Leucila Habit and habitat It is a small solitary and marine sponge. Distribution Found in Europe and U.S.A. General Characterstics…
Classification of Grantia Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- Calcarea (Calcareous spicules present) Order :- Heterocoe (Syconoid sponges with internal folds) Genus :- Grantia Habit and habitat It is a small, solitary or colonial marine sponge found in shallow to approximately 60 fathoms…
Classification of Sycon or Scypha Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- Calcarea (Calcareous spicules present) Order :- Heterocoe (Syconoid sponges with internal folds) Genus :- Sycon Habit and habitat Sycon or Scypha is a small, solitary or colonial marine sponge found in shallow…
Classification of Clathrina or Olynthus Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- Calcarea (Calcareous spicules present) Order :- Homocoela (Canal system of ascon type) Genus :- Clathrina Habit and habitat Clathrina is a simple, marine sponge attached to rocks or substratum. Distribution Distributed from…
Classification of Leucosolenia Phylum :- Porifera (Pore bearing, cellular grade, asymmetrical or radially symmetrical) Class :- Calcarea (Calcareous spicules present) Order :- Homocoela (Canal system of ascon type) Genus :- Leucosolenia Leucosolenia Habit and habitat of Leucosolenia Marine colonial sponge found in shallow waters below tidemark on seashore rocks, having…
Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera, commonly known as sponges, might seem unassuming at first glance—decorating aquariums, inhabiting the silence of ocean floors—but beneath that simplicity lies a group of animals that changed the course of life’s evolution and are central to unlocking the mysteries of multicellularity. In a world rushing toward…