Introduction Herdmania, a genus of sea squirts belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata), is a marine invertebrate commonly found in shallow coastal waters. These organisms are sac-like, sessile filter feeders enclosed in a protective tunic composed of tunicin, a cellulose-like material. As tunicates, Herdmania exhibits fascinating evolutionary traits, including the…
Introduction Ciona is a genus of sea squirts, marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) within the phylum Chordata. Often called "sea vase" due to their vase-like appearance, species in this genus are sessile filter feeders, thriving in marine environments around the world. They are characterized by their translucent,…
Introduction Ascidia refers to a genus of sea squirts, which are sessile marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) in the phylum Chordata. These intriguing organisms are often regarded as a bridge between invertebrates and vertebrates due to their chordate features, such as a notochord and a dorsal nerve…
Introduction The genus Gavialis represents one of the most distinctive groups of crocodilians, commonly known as gharials. These ancient reptiles are renowned for their elongated, narrow snouts, perfectly adapted for catching fish, their primary prey. Gavialis gangeticus, the gharial, is the sole extant species of this genus and is a…
Introduction Alligators, members of the family Alligatoridae, are remarkable reptiles with a lineage dating back over 37 million years. Often referred to as "living fossils," they are a testament to the resilience of nature. Two extant species represent this genus: the American alligator (A. mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (A.…
Introduction The genus Crocodylus encompasses true crocodiles, large, semiaquatic reptiles found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Known for their formidable appearance and powerful bite, these apex predators are essential for maintaining the health and balance of aquatic ecosystems. With their ancient lineage, crocodiles are often referred to as "living…
Introduction The genus Naja includes the true cobras, known for their iconic hood displays and potent venom. Found across Africa, Asia, and parts of the Middle East, these snakes are highly adaptable and occupy diverse habitats. Cobras are both feared and revered, playing significant roles in ecosystems and human culture.…
Introduction The genus Bungarus, commonly known as kraits, comprises highly venomous snakes found primarily in South and Southeast Asia. Known for their striking black and white bands and nocturnal behavior, kraits are formidable predators in their habitats. Despite their lethality, they are generally shy and prefer to avoid confrontation with…
Introduction The genus Agkistrodon refers to venomous pit vipers, including the well-known copperheads and cottonmouths, native to North America. These snakes are recognized for their heat-sensitive pit organs, enabling them to detect warm-blooded prey. They inhabit a variety of environments, from forests and swamps to rocky hillsides. Agkistrodon snakes are…
Introduction The genus Vipera, commonly referred to as pitless vipers or true vipers, includes venomous snakes predominantly found in Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. Unlike pit vipers, Vipera species lack heat-sensing pit organs but possess keen vision and smell to detect prey. These snakes are highly adaptable, thriving…
Introduction The genus Crotalus, commonly known as rattlesnakes, consists of venomous pit vipers native to the Americas. Known for their distinctive rattle, used as a warning mechanism, these snakes are found in diverse habitats, including deserts, grasslands, forests, and rocky areas. With their keen senses and potent venom, Crotalus species…
Introduction The genus Hydrophis comprises a group of highly specialized, venomous sea snakes found in the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These snakes are adapted to a fully aquatic lifestyle, rarely venturing onto land. With paddle-like tails and salt-excreting glands, Hydrophis species are well-suited for life in…
Introduction The genus Dendrophis, commonly known as tree snakes or bronzebacks, includes non-venomous, arboreal snakes found in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. Known for their slender bodies and remarkable agility, Dendrophis snakes are adept climbers that inhabit forests, plantations, and gardens. They play an essential role in their…
Introduction The genus Natrix includes non-venomous, semi-aquatic snakes commonly known as grass snakes or water snakes. Found across Europe, parts of Asia, and North Africa, they inhabit wetlands, forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. Notable species like Natrix natrix (European grass snake) and Natrix tessellata (dice snake) are well adapted to…
Introduction The genus Ptyas, commonly referred to as rat snakes, includes non-venomous, fast-moving snakes found in parts of Asia, including China, India, and Southeast Asia. Notable species like P. mucosa (Indian rat snake) and P. korros (Indochinese rat snake) are among the most recognized members of this genus. These snakes…
Introduction The genus Eryx, commonly known as sand boas, consists of non-venomous, burrowing snakes native to parts of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and India. These snakes are small to medium-sized and are adapted to live in sandy or loose-soil environments, where they are expert hunters and elusive burrowers.…
Introduction Pythons are large, non-venomous snakes belonging to the family Pythonidae. Found primarily in Africa, Asia, and Australia, these snakes are known for their immense size and constricting hunting technique. Species like the reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) and Burmese python (P. bivittatus) are some of the longest and heaviest snakes…
Introduction The genus Typhlops comprises a group of small, burrowing snakes commonly referred to as blind snakes. They are distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, including Africa, Asia, and the Americas. These snakes are characterized by their small size, smooth scales, and reduced or non-functional eyes covered by scales, which…
Introduction Rattus rattus, commonly known as the black rat or roof rat, is a small rodent species native to the Indian subcontinent but now distributed worldwide due to human activities. Known for its adaptability, the black rat thrives in diverse environments, including urban areas, forests, and agricultural lands. While often…
Introduction The genus Funambulus includes striped squirrels, commonly found in South Asia, especially in India, Sri Lanka, and surrounding regions. These small rodents are known for their distinctive stripes running along their back and their lively, agile movements. Often seen in urban and forested areas, striped squirrels are integral to…
Introduction The genus Lepus encompasses hares and jackrabbits, which are fast-moving mammals found across a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, deserts, forests, and tundra. Known for their powerful hind legs and long ears, hares are distinct from rabbits in their solitary nature and more robust build. Hares play an…
Introduction Oryctolagus cuniculus, commonly known as the European rabbit, is a small mammal native to the Iberian Peninsula and parts of North Africa. It is the progenitor of all domestic rabbit breeds and plays a significant ecological and economic role. However, in areas where it has been introduced, such as…
Introduction Ophisaurus, commonly referred to as glass lizards, are a genus of legless lizards found across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. Despite their snake-like appearance, they are true lizards, distinguished by features like movable eyelids and external ear openings. Their name "glass lizard" comes from their ability to…
Introduction The genus Heloderma includes venomous lizards like the Gila monster (H. suspectum) and the Mexican beaded lizard (H. horridum). These lizards are native to arid and semi-arid regions of North and Central America. Known for their slow movements and bead-like skin texture, Heloderma species are unique among lizards due…
Introduction The genus Varanus encompasses a wide range of monitor lizards, known for their intelligence, agility, and adaptability. These reptiles are found across Africa, Asia, and Australia, inhabiting diverse ecosystems such as forests, deserts, and wetlands. Species like the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) and the water monitor (Varanus salvator) are…
Introduction Chameleons are a group of reptiles belonging to the family Chamaeleonidae. Known for their extraordinary ability to change color, chameleons are native to Africa, Madagascar, southern Europe, and parts of Asia. They are arboreal lizards with unique adaptations like independently moving eyes and a projectile tongue. These fascinating creatures…
Introduction The genus Clarias consists of air-breathing catfishes, widely recognized for their ability to survive in extreme aquatic environments and traverse land. Native to Africa and Asia, species like Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus are resilient, making them vital to ecosystems and aquaculture. Their unique adaptations have made them a…
Introduction Labeo rohita, commonly known as rohu, is a freshwater fish of the carp family (Cyprinidae). It is native to rivers, lakes, and ponds in South Asia and is one of the most important aquaculture species in the Indian subcontinent. Renowned for its commercial value, rohu is a popular food…
Introduction The bronze featherback (Notopterus notopterus) is a freshwater fish native to South and Southeast Asia, inhabiting rivers, lakes, and swamps. Recognizable by its elongated, laterally compressed body and silvery-bronze coloration, it holds ecological significance and faces conservation challenges. Classification of Notopterus (Chitala) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord,…
Introduction The northern pike (Esox lucius), commonly known as pike, is a predatory fish native to freshwater bodies across the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. Recognizable by its elongated body, sharp teeth, and distinctive coloration, the pike is both a valued game fish and a…
Introduction The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae and can grow up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon are anadromous, meaning they begin their life in freshwater, migrate to the ocean to feed…
Introduction Gorillas are the largest living primates and belong to the genus Gorilla. They are divided into two species: the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei) and the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), each with subspecies such as the mountain gorilla and the western lowland gorilla. Native to the forests of central and…
Introduction The genus Pongo encompasses the three species of orangutans: the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), and the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). These critically endangered primates are native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, primarily on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Known for their distinctive…
Introduction The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is one of the closest living relatives to humans, sharing approximately 98-99% of our DNA. Native to the forests and savannahs of Africa, chimpanzees are highly intelligent primates known for their complex social structures and tool-use abilities. They are integral to the ecosystems they inhabit…
Introduction Hylobates is a genus of small apes known as gibbons, commonly referred to as "lesser apes" due to their smaller size compared to great apes like gorillas and chimpanzees. Native to Southeast Asia, gibbons are arboreal primates renowned for their extraordinary agility, long arms, and melodious vocalizations. They are…
Introduction The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most widely recognized and studied primates in the world. Native to South, Central, and Southeast Asia, this medium-sized monkey is known for its adaptability to diverse habitats, from tropical forests to urban environments. Rhesus macaques have a significant place in…
Introduction Skinks (Mabuia) are a diverse group of lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, encompassing over 1,500 species distributed worldwide. They are known for their elongated bodies, smooth scales, and varying limb sizes, with some species even being limbless. Skinks thrive in a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, deserts,…
Introduction Calotes is a genus of lizards commonly referred to as garden lizards or agamids, found primarily in South and Southeast Asia. These lizards are known for their striking coloration, ability to adapt to various environments, and often for their unique behavior of head-bobbing and displaying their throat fans. They…
Introduction Moloch horridus, commonly known as the thorny devil, is a small, spiny lizard native to the arid and semi-arid deserts of Australia. It is a fascinating creature adapted to survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth. Covered in sharp, conical spines, the thorny devil is known for…
Introduction Draco, commonly known as "flying dragons," is a genus of small, arboreal lizards native to Southeast Asia. These fascinating reptiles are famous for their ability to glide between trees, a behavior made possible by specialized ribs and wing-like flaps of skin called patagia. Draco lizards are typically found in…
Introduction Crotaphytus is a genus of lizards commonly known as collared lizards, named for the distinct black bands or "collars" around their necks. These lizards are native to arid and semi-arid regions of North America, including the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Collared lizards are medium-sized and known for…
Classification of Siren (Mud Eel) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and…
Classification of Amphiuma (Congo Eel) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land.…
Classification of Triturus Cristatus (Crested Newt) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water…
Classification of Salamandra (Fire Salamander) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and…
Classification of Axolotl Larva Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land.…
Classification of Ambystoma Maculatum (Tiger Salamander) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water…
Classification of Lepidosteus (Garpike) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…
Classification of Amia Calva | Bowfin Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.)…
Classification of Acipenser (Sturgeon) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…
Classification of Polyodon (Paddle Fish) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class…
Classification of Polypterus (Bichir) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…
Classification of Manis (Scaly Anteater) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and…
Classification of Dasypus (Armadillo) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony…
Classification of Pteropus (Flying Fox) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and…
Classification of Loris Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.)…
Classification of Sorex (Shrew) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony…
Classification of Passer Domesticus (Sparrow) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Aves (Biped and feathered vertebrates.) Sub Class :- Neornithes (True birds. Metacarpals fused.)…
Classification of Corvus Splendens (Crow) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Aves (Biped and feathered vertebrates.) Sub Class :- Neornithes (True birds. Metacarpals fused.)…
Classification of Dendrocopus Mahrattensis (Woodpecker) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and…
Classification of Eudynamis scolopaceus (Koel) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and…
Classification of Bubo bubo (Eurasian eagle-owl) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin…
Classification of Iguana Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Reptilia (Scaly vertebrates. Right and left aortic arches present. Single condyle. Pulmonary respiration.…
Classification of Phrynosoma (Horned Toad) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Reptilia (Scaly vertebrates. Right and left aortic arches present. Single condyle.…
Classification of Gecko (Wall Lizard) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Reptilia (Scaly vertebrates. Right and left aortic arches present. Single condyle.…
Classification of Hemidactylus (Common House Lizard) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Reptilia (Scaly vertebrates. Right and left aortic arches present. Single…
Classification of Sphenodon Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.)…
Classification of Cryptobranchus (Hell Bender) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and…
Classification of Proteus (Olm) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land.…
Classification of Necturus (Mud Puppy) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and…
Classification of Uraeotyphlus Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land. Two…
Classification of Ichthyophis Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land. Two…
Classification of Chimaera (Rat Fish) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class…
Classification of Myliobatis (Eagle Ray) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class…
Classification of Trygon (Dasyatis) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…
Classification of Skate Fish Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…
Classification of Rhinobatus (Guitar Fish) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class…
Classification of Pristis (Saw Fish) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class…
Classification of Cephalodiscus Phylum :- Hemichordata (Marine, enterocoelous coelomate. Notochord confined to head region) Class :- Pterobranchia (Small hemichordates with encased body. V-shaped intestine.) Order :- Cephalodiscida (Solitary or colonial, 2 gill slits, 2 gonads.) Genus :- Cephalodiscus Geographical distribution of Rhabdopleura Cephalodiscus is found in antarctic and sub-antarctic region…
Classification of Rhabdopleura Phylum :- Hemichordata (Marine, enterocoelous coelomate. Notochord confined to head region) Class :- Pterobranchia (Small hemichordates with encased body. V-shaped intestine.) Order :- Rhabdopleurida (Colonial, no gill-slits; 1 gonad) Genus :- Rhabdopleura Geographical distribution of Rhabdopleura It is mainly found in southern hemisphere especially resported from Norway…
Classification of Saccoglossus Phylum :- Hemichordata (Marine, enterocoelous coelomate. Notochord confined to head region) Class :- Enteropneusta (Several gill-slits, intestine straight, solitary.) Family :- Harrimaniidae Genus :- Saccoglossus Geographical distribution of Saccoglossus It is found in New Zealand, Australia, Indopacific and Atlantic coasts and North America. Habit and Habitat It…
Comparative study of Vertebral Column Scoliodon : Vertebral Column Comments : It Scoliodo Vertebral Column of 130 vertebrae divided into trunk and caudal regions. Vertebrae are amphicoelous. Trunk vertebra : It consists of neural spine, neural canal, neural arch, passage for notochord and transverse processes a ventral, thick, cylindrical centrum,…
Comparative study of Pelvic Girdles of vertebrate Scoliodon Pectoral Girdle and Fins Comments Pectoral girdle V-shaped structure made up of right and left halves united mid-ventrally. Each half is made up of coracoid portion, scapular portion and suprascapular portion. Pectoral girdle is embedded in lateral and ventral body wall posterior…
Comparative study of Pelvic Girdles of vertebrate Scoliodon Pelvic Girdle and Fins Comments Pelvic girdle : Made up of a simple flattened and transverse cartilaginous rod called ischiopubic bar, having a small blunt iliac process on either side projecting above the acetabular facet for articulation of the basal cartilage of…
Comparative study of Forelimb bones of vertebrate Forelimb Bones of Frog Forelimb Bones of Frog are Humerus, radio-ulna and hand bones constitute bones of forelimb. Comments : Humerus It is a short, cylindrical and slightly curved bone of upper arm. Proximal end fits into glenoid cavity of pectoral girdle. It…
Comparative study of Hind limb bones of vertebrate Hind Limb Bones of Frog Hind limb constitute the femur, tibio-fibula, astragalus-calcaneum and bones of foot. Comments Femur It is thigh bone having expanded ends, covered with calcified cartilages. Proximal end or head articulates with acetabulum while distal end with tibio-fibula. Tibio-fibula…
Transverse sections are prepared from specimens that have been preserved and hardened in formalin. With the help of a Butcher's knife or sharp razor, cut the hardened specimen through eye region, olfactory region, branchial region, stomach and liver region, intestinal region, pelvic fin region and caudal region. Study various hand…
Amphibian Slides Frog V.S. of Skin Comments Amphibian Slides Frog Under low magnification : (15 X eye-piece; 4 X objective). Vertical section passing through the skin reveals two layers, outer epidermis and inner dermis, distinctly seen under high magnification. Epidermis is thin and made up of startified squamous epithelium. Multilayered…
Reptile Slides (Lizard ) V.S. of Skin Comments T.S. skin of lizard shows outer epidermis and inner dermis. Epidermis contains horny epidermal scales characteristic of reptilian skin. Various layers of epidermis are stratum corneum followed by stratum germinatum or stratum malpighii from which new skin develops. Below stratum germinatum in…
Bird Slides (Pigeon) V.S. of Skin Comments: V.s. skin of pigeon shows main two layers: Epidermis, Dermis. Epidermis contains the following layers : Outermost layer is called as epitrichium made up delicate cells Below epitrichium is cornified layer called as stratum corneum. Beneath stratum corneum is stratum germinatum or stratum…
Mammal Slides Rabbit : V.S. of Skin Mammalian skin is characterized by having various glands and hairs in abundance. T.S. through skin shows that it is an organ consisting of an ectodermal epithelium, the epidermis, and its supporting mesodermal connective tissue, the dermis. Epidermis constitutes the investing cellular membrane of…
Dissection of Rat : External Features Procedure. For external features first kill the rat with chloroform and then immerse it in a solution of lysol or any antiseptic solution. Lay the rat in a dissecting dish keeping ventral surface upwards. Note the following structures : Shape : Body is elongated…
Dissection of Pigeon : External Features In order to study external morphology, take freshly chloroformed pigeon. Note that entire body, except the beak and feet, is covered by feathers. Body is regionated into head, neck, trunk and tail. The size and colour of the body vary in different species and…
Dissection of Uromastix (Lizard) : External Features Procedure :- Take a freshly-killed specimen and examine the external characters. Uromastix is commonly called as 'Sanda'. Size :- It measures 20 to 30 cm in length. Shape :- Typically lizard like. Division :- Body is covered by epidermal scales and regionated into…
Dissection of Frog : External Features Procedure :- Note and examine the following in the living frog General body colour (adaptive colouration). Absence of neck and tail (helps in swimming). Hind limbs longer than forelimbs, which help in leaping and hopping. Up and down movements of the floor of the…
General Instructions for Dissecton of Scoliodon While dissecting the animal keep in mind the following points Follow carefully the instructions given by the teacher in your practical class. Study well about the internal structures of the animal to be dissected. Keep all the instruments in your dissecting box clean and…
Classification of Talpa (Mole) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony…
Classification of Erinaceus (Hedgehog) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony…
Classification of Macropus (Kangaroo) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony…
Classification of Echidna (Spiny Anteater) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and…