Trygon Commonly known as stingrays, holds significant economic importance in various sectors, including fisheries, ecotourism, and research. Classification of Trygon (Dasyatis) Geographical distribution Trygon is abundantly distributed in tropical regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It has been reported from India, Japan, China, North America, Australia and South America. Upper Jurrassic to Recent. Habit […]
Skate Fish Belonging to the family Rajidae, have notable economic importance due to their role in fisheries, trade, and ecological systems. Classification of Skate Fish Geographical distribution Skate fish is found in almost all temperate sea waters. Most of the species belonging to the genus Raja are abundantly distributed in northern hemisphere, Arctic and Antarctic
Rhinobatus (family Rhinobatidae) are a group of cartilaginous fish with significant economic and ecological importance. Their value comes from their use in fisheries, trade, and their role in marine ecosystems. Classification of Rhinobatus (Guitar Fish) Geographical distribution Rhinobatus has been reported from west coast of Africa, Indian Ocean, Australia, China, Atlantic and Pacific coasts of
The Pristis fish, commonly known as the sawfish, has significant economic and ecological importance, primarily in fisheries, tourism, and as a part of the marine ecosystem. Here’s an overview: Classification of Pristis (Saw Fish) Geographical distribution Pristis is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Indian form ascends beyond tidal zones. It is reported from America,
Cephalodiscus is a small genus of sessile hemichordates belonging to the class Pterobranchia. These colonial, tube-dwelling marine organisms are known for their unique lifestyle, in which individuals live within secreted tubular structures attached to rocky or deep-sea substrates. Each zooid possesses a set of feathery arms used for filter feeding. Although they are relatively simple
Rhabdopleura belongs to the class Pterobranchia and represents one of the simplest living hemichordates. It lives in colonies on hard marine substrates and secretes delicate tubes, called coenecia, in which individual zooids reside. Each zooid extends its tentaculated arms to filter feed, capturing suspended particles from the surrounding water. Because it shares important features with
Acorn worms in the genus Saccoglossus are members of the class Enteropneusta within the phylum Hemichordata. These worms feed on organic particles while burrowing through muddy or sandy soils in shallow sea environments. They are crucial to the recycling of nutrients and the turnover of sediment. Saccoglossus offers important information on early deuterostome evolution and
Comparative study of Vertebral Column Comparative studies of the Vertebral Column have shown that although the basic structural patterns (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal) are conserved among vertebrates, regional specialization reflects locomotion, posture, and adaptation to environmental demands.Vertebrae mark an evolutionary transition from simple, rigid structures in fishes to complex, intertwined, curved columns in tetrapods. Scoliodon : Vertebral Column Comments : In Scoliodon Vertebral Column of 130 vertebrae divided into trunk and caudal regions.
The Pectoral girdles of vertebrates is a bony or cartilaginous structure that includes the scapula and clavicle (and often the coracoid/clavicle) and connects the limbs/pectoral fins to the axial skeleton. It provides structural support for locomotion, acts as an attachment to muscles, forms the glenoid fossa of the forelimb, and adapts to the muscular, flexible
Comparative study of Pelvic Girdles of vertebrate The vertebrate pelvic girdles is a robust paired structure (ossa innominata) consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bone that connects the hind limbs to the axial skeleton for locomotion and support. It has evolved from the simple cartilage structure of fish to the robust fusion structure of quadrupeds that supports body weight, making it highly adaptable to bipedal locomotion, jumping, and walking
Comparative study of Forelimb bones of vertebrate The forelimb bones of vertebrates have homologous structures (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges) adapted to different functions such as flight, running, swimming or grasping, derived from a common ancestor. Although the basic structure is pentadactyl (five fingers), evolution has modified, fused, or reduced these bones to meet
Comparative study of Hind limb bones of vertebrate The hind limb of vertebrates have a homologous five-toed plan – femur, tibia/fibula, tarsus, metatarsals and phalanges – adapted to specific modes of locomotion. Structural variations exist: running mammals (horses) have reduced toes (cannon bones) to increase speed, birds have a fused tibia, while tetrapods like salamanders
Fish slides of Scoliodon are widely used in zoology laboratories to study the internal and external anatomy of the spiny dogfish shark. These slides typically display structures such as the gills, fins, vertebrae, muscle blocks, and sensory organs. Students examine Scoliodon slides to understand cartilaginous fish morphology, respiratory adaptations, and evolutionary features that distinguish elasmobranchs
Amphibian slides of the frog are commonly used in zoology practicals to study the structural organization of a typical vertebrate. These slides often include transverse and longitudinal sections of skin, muscle, intestine, liver, kidney, ovary, testis, and blood vessels. Students examine frog slides to understand amphibian adaptations, organ systems, epithelial types, and basic vertebrate anatomy.
Reptile slides of the lizard are widely used in zoology laboratories to study the tissue structure and organ organization of a typical reptile. These slides often include sections of skin, muscle, intestine, liver, kidney, testis, ovary, and scales. Students use lizard slides to understand reptilian adaptations such as keratinized epidermis, well-developed lungs, and efficient circulatory
Bird slides are commonly used in zoology and histology practicals to study the specialized tissues and organ systems of avian species. These slides often include sections of feathers, skin, muscle, lung, intestine, liver, kidney, ovary, and testis. Students examine bird slides to understand adaptations such as lightweight bones, efficient respiration, and high metabolic rate. Because
Mammal Slides or Rabbit slides are widely used in zoology and histology practicals to study the tissue structure and organ systems of mammals. These slides typically include transverse and longitudinal sections of skin, muscle, intestine, liver, kidney, lung, heart, ovary, and testis. Students examine rabbit slides to understand mammalian characteristics such as hair, endothermy, four-chambered
Dissection of Rat : External Features Procedure of DISSECTION OF RAT :- For external features first kill the rat with chloroform and then immerse it in a solution of lysol or any antiseptic solution. Lay the rat in a dissecting dish keeping ventral surface upwards. Note the following structures : Dissection of Rat : General
External Features Dissection of Pigeon : In order to study external morphology, take freshly chloroformed pigeon. Note that entire body, except the beak and feet, is covered by feathers. Body is regionated into head, neck, trunk and tail. The size and colour of the body vary in different species and varieties. Dissection of Pigeon :
External Features Dissection of Uromastix (Lizard) : Procedure :- Take a freshly-killed specimen and examine the external characters. Uromastix is commonly called as ‘Sanda’. Arterial System of Uromastix (Lizard) Dissection of Uromastix (Lizard) Procedure. Take a Uromastix freshly-killed with chloroform, wash it in water and lay it on its back in the dissecting dish. Pin
