Biosynthesis

Lipid biosynthesis is the process by which cells build fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and other important lipids from smaller precursors. This guide explains the major pathways, enzymes, cellular locations, regulation, and biological significance of lipid synthesis. Introduction to Lipid Biosynthesis Lipids are much more than simple energy-storage molecules. They form an essential part of biological […]

De Novo Nucleotide Biosynthesis: Purines & Pyrimidines De Novo Nucleotide Biosynthesis: How Cells Build Purines and Pyrimidines From Scratch Every time a cell divides, it needs enough new DNA and RNA building blocks to duplicate its entire genome. Nucleotides do far more than spell out genetic sequences, though — they’re the energy currency of the

Amino acid biosynthesis is the process by which organisms synthesize amino acids from metabolic precursors such as α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, and 3-phosphoglycerate. Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins, but their importance extends far beyond protein synthesis. They also participate in nitrogen metabolism, formation of nucleotides and other biomolecules, energy metabolism, and numerous