OVIS : SHEEP

Introduction The genus Ovis, commonly known as sheep, encompasses both wild and domesticated species that have become an integral part of ecosystems and human civilization. Wild sheep, such as the argali (Ovis ammon) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), are known for their impressive horns and adaptability to rugged terrains, while…

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OVIBOS MOSCHATUS (MUSK OX)

Introduction The musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) is a fascinating, large mammal native to the Arctic tundra. Known for its shaggy coat and strong musk scent emitted by males during the mating season, this herbivore has adapted to survive some of the harshest environments on Earth. The musk ox belongs to…

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GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS (GIRAFFE)

Introduction The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is a striking mammal known for its extraordinary height, long neck, and unique coat patterns. As the tallest terrestrial animal, giraffes symbolize the magnificence of African savannas. Standing up to 18 feet tall, these herbivorous giants belong to the family Giraffidae, which also includes their…

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SUS SCROFA (WILD BOAR)

Introduction The wild boar (Sus scrofa), a member of the family Suidae, is a highly adaptable and widespread mammal native to Eurasia and North Africa. It is recognized for its robust build, bristly coat, and characteristic tusks. Wild boars have a remarkable ability to thrive in diverse habitats, ranging from…

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CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS (ARABIAN CAMEL)

Introduction The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), commonly known as the Arabian camel, is an iconic symbol of survival and adaptation in some of the harshest climates on Earth. Recognized by its single hump, this remarkable species has been an integral part of human history and culture, particularly in the deserts…

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RHINOCEROS

Introduction The rhinoceros, commonly referred to as the rhino, is one of the most iconic and ancient megafauna on Earth. These large, herbivorous mammals belong to the family Rhinocerotidae and are characterized by their thick, armor-like skin and one or two horns on their snouts. The name "rhinoceros" originates from…

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EQUUS HEMIONUS (DONKEY OR ASS)

Introduction Equus hemionus, commonly known as the Asiatic Wild Ass or Onager, is a remarkable species of wild equid native to the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia. Known for its incredible speed and endurance, the Asiatic Wild Ass plays a significant role in the ecosystems it inhabits. Once widespread…

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ZEBRA

Introduction The Equus zebra, commonly known as the zebra, is one of the most recognizable animals in the animal kingdom, renowned for its striking black-and-white striped coat. Found in the wild plains and mountains of Africa, zebras are members of the Equidae family, which includes horses and donkeys. These social…

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EQUUS CABALLUS (HORSE)

Introduction Equus caballus, better known as the domestic horse, is a symbol of grace, power, and loyalty that has left an indelible mark on human history. This extraordinary animal, domesticated around 4,000–6,000 years ago, has transformed societies through its unmatched utility in transportation, agriculture, warfare, and leisure. Equus caballus belong…

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ELEPHAS MAXIMUS (ASIATIC ELEPHANT)

Introduction The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), one of the most iconic creatures of the animal kingdom, is a symbol of strength, wisdom, and cultural heritage across Asia. Revered in mythology, religion, and art, this majestic mammal is not just a cultural icon but also a cornerstone species in the ecosystems…

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PLATANISTA GANGETICA (GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN)

Introduction The Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica), also referred to as the "Susu" or the "blind dolphin," is a freshwater dolphin endemic to the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the few species of freshwater dolphins globally and holds immense ecological and cultural importance. These unique mammals have evolved specialized…

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PHOCA (SEAL)

Introduction The genus Phoca, which includes some of the world’s most iconic seals, belongs to the family Phocidae, commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals." These marine mammals are globally recognized for their streamlined bodies, lack of external ear flaps, and exceptional adaptations for aquatic life. Seals of…

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HYENA

Introduction Hyenas are fascinating and often misunderstood members of the animal kingdom. Belonging to the family Hyaenidae, hyenas are carnivorous mammals that play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem balance. These creatures are renowned for their unique vocalizations, including the infamous "laugh," which serves as a form of communication. Hyenas…

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ACINONYX JUBATUS (CHEETAH)

Introduction The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is one of the most iconic and recognizable predators in the animal kingdom, renowned for its unmatched speed and elegance. Known as the fastest land animal, the Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) can reach speeds of up to 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) in short bursts…

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MELURSUS URSINUS (SLOTH BEAR)

Introduction The sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), a fascinating and unique mammal, occupies a special niche in the ecosystems of the Indian subcontinent. Distinguished by its shaggy black coat, white or cream-colored chest patch (often resembling a "U" or "Y"), and long, flexible snout, the sloth bear stands out among other…

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CANIS FAMILIARIS (DOMESTIC DOG)

Introduction The domestic dog (Canis familiaris), a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), is one of the most widely distributed and diverse species globally. Known as humanity's oldest companion, dogs have been integral to human history and culture for over 15,000 years. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans and…

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PANTHERA LEO (LION)

Introduction The lion (Panthera leo), often referred to as the “King of the Jungle,” is one of the most iconic species in the animal kingdom. Renowned for its majestic mane, formidable presence, and powerful roar, the lion symbolizes strength, courage, and royalty in cultures worldwide. This apex predator belongs to…

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FELIS DOMESTICUS (CAT)

Introduction Felis domesticus, commonly known as the domestic cat, is a small carnivorous mammal and one of the most popular companion animals worldwide. Belonging to the family Felidae, it shares ancestry with larger wild cats but has been selectively bred and domesticated over thousands of years. Known for its agility,…

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HERPESTES (MONGOOSE)

Introduction The genus Herpestes, belonging to the family Herpestidae, includes a variety of small to medium-sized carnivorous mammals commonly referred to as mongooses. Known for their agility, intelligence, and striking ability to combat venomous snakes, mongooses have earned a reputation as fearless hunters. These creatures are distributed across Africa, Asia,…

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LUTRA (OTTER)

Introduction The genus Lutra, part of the Mustelidae family, comprises semi-aquatic mammals widely distributed across various continents, including Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. These animals are celebrated for their unique adaptability to aquatic environments, exceptional swimming abilities, and critical role in maintaining the ecological balance of freshwater and coastal…

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HYSTRIX (PORCUPINE)

Introduction The genus Hystrix, commonly known as Old World porcupines, comprises large rodents renowned for their unique defensive adaptations, including sharp, spiny quills. These animals are part of the family Hystricidae and are distributed across Asia, Africa, and parts of Southern Europe. With their nocturnal habits and herbivorous diet, porcupines…

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OSTRACION (BOXFISH)

Introduction The genus Ostracion, commonly referred to as boxfish, represents a fascinating group of marine creatures characterized by their box-like, armored bodies. Found in the family Ostraciidae, these fish are a prominent feature of coral reef ecosystems. Their distinctive appearance, coupled with unique behavioral and physiological traits, makes them a…

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DIODON (PORCUPINEFISH)

Introduction The genus Diodon, commonly referred to as porcupinefish, represents one of the most distinctive groups of marine animals. Belonging to the family Diodontidae, these fish are often confused with pufferfish (family Tetraodontidae) due to their ability to inflate their bodies. However, porcupinefish are unique because of their long, sharp…

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LOPHIUS (ANGLER FISH)

Introduction The genus Lophius, commonly known as monkfish or anglerfish, represents a group of bottom-dwelling, deep-water fish in the family Lophiidae. Renowned for their grotesque yet fascinating appearance, these fish have intrigued scientists and fishermen alike. Characterized by their wide, flattened heads, large mouths filled with sharp teeth, and a…

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PLEURONECTES (FLAT FISH)

Introduction The genus Pleuronectes, commonly referred to as flatfish, is an integral part of the family Pleuronectidae. These fascinating fish are well-known for their asymmetrical body shape and benthic lifestyle, primarily inhabiting cold and temperate waters. As bottom-dwelling fish, Pleuronectes species exhibit unique physiological and behavioral adaptations, such as their…

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TETRAODON (PUFFERFISH)

Introduction The genus Tetraodon, commonly referred to as pufferfish, represents a unique group of fish in the family Tetraodontidae. Found predominantly in tropical and subtropical waters, these fish are known for their ability to inflate their bodies as a defense mechanism. This characteristic, combined with their distinct morphology and potent…

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ECHENEIS (SUCKER FISH)

Introduction The genus Echeneis, commonly known as suckerfish or remoras, comprises fascinating marine species famous for their unique ecological relationship with larger marine animals such as sharks, rays, and sea turtles. These fish have evolved a specialized adhesive disc located on the top of their head, which allows them to…

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SYNGNATHUS (PIPE FISH)

Introduction The genus Syngnathus, commonly known as pipefish, represents a unique group of marine and estuarine fishes within the family Syngnathidae, which also includes seahorses and sea dragons. Pipefish are characterized by their slender, elongated bodies, tubular snouts, and prehensile tails, making them some of the most distinctive species in…

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HIPPOCAMPUS (SEA HORSE)

Introduction The genus Hippocampus, commonly known as sea horses, comprises a group of unique and enchanting marine fishes belonging to the family Syngnathidae. With their horse-like head, curled prehensile tail, and upright posture, sea horses are among the most unusual and captivating creatures in the ocean. The name Hippocampus originates…

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ANABAS (CLIMBING PERCH)

Introduction The genus Anabas, particularly the species Anabas testudineus (commonly known as the climbing perch), is a freshwater fish native to South and Southeast Asia. This remarkable fish is well-known for its ability to breathe air and survive outside water for extended periods. In addition, it exhibits the unique behavior…

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PTEROIS (LION FISH)

Introduction The genus Pterois, commonly known as lionfish, comprises venomous marine fish renowned for their striking appearance, including elongated pectoral fins and bold stripes or banding patterns. Native to the Indo-Pacific region, lionfish have become infamous as an invasive species in the Atlantic and Caribbean waters. Their distinctive beauty makes…

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AMPHIPNOUS CUCHIA (SWAMP EEL)

Introduction Amphipnous cuchia, commonly referred to as the cuchia or swamp eel, is a fascinating freshwater fish belonging to the family Synbranchidae. This air-breathing species is known for its elongated, snake-like body and remarkable adaptability to challenging environmental conditions. Native to South and Southeast Asia, it thrives in a variety…

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ANGUILLA VULGARIS (EUROPEAN EEL)

Introduction Anguilla vulgaris, commonly known as the European eel, is a catadromous fish species belonging to the family Anguillidae. This species is renowned for its remarkable life cycle, involving long-distance migration from European freshwater habitats to the Sargasso Sea for reproduction. The European eel exhibits significant ecological, cultural, and economic…

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BARBUS SARANA (MINNOW)

Introduction Barbus sarana, commonly referred to as the sarana barb or minnow, is a small to medium-sized freshwater fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Found across South and Southeast Asia, this species is a valuable component of aquatic ecosystems due to its role in nutrient cycling and as a food…

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WALLAGO ATTU (LACHI)

Introduction Wallago attu, commonly known as the freshwater shark or wallago catfish, is a large, predatory catfish species belonging to the family Siluridae. Native to South and Southeast Asia, this fish is characterized by its elongated body, large mouth with sharp teeth, and prominent barbels. Its significant size and predatory…

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BDELLOSTOMA

Introduction Bdellostoma is a genus of jawless marine creatures belonging to the class Myxini, commonly referred to as hagfish. These primitive chordates are often considered living fossils due to their retention of ancestral vertebrate traits. Similar to their close relatives in the genus Myxine, Bdellostoma exhibits an eel-like body and…

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MYXINE – HAG FISH

Introduction Myxine, commonly known as hagfish, is a jawless marine organism belonging to the class Myxini and order Myxiniformes. It is one of the most primitive vertebrates, often referred to as a "living fossil," as it retains many ancestral traits. With its elongated, eel-like body, Myxine lacks jaws, paired fins,…

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PETROMYZON (SEA LAMPREY)

Introduction Petromyzon, commonly known as the sea lamprey, is a jawless fish belonging to the class Agnatha and family Petromyzontidae. It is one of the most primitive vertebrates, showcasing ancestral traits that provide significant insights into vertebrate evolution. Resembling an eel in appearance, Petromyzon lacks jaws, paired fins, and scales,…

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BRANCHIOSTOMA LANCEOLATUM

Introduction Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Amphioxus lanceolatus)), commonly known as the European lancelet, is a small, fish-like marine organism belonging to the subphylum Cephalochordata in the phylum Chordata. Often regarded as a "living fossil," this species holds significant importance in evolutionary biology as it provides insight into the transition from invertebrates to…

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OIKOPLEURA

Introduction Oikopleura is a genus of small, free-floating, pelagic tunicates belonging to the class Appendicularia. These fascinating marine organisms are noted for their unique ability to produce intricate mucus houses, which they use to filter microscopic food particles from the water. Despite their small size, Oikopleura species play a vital…

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SALP

Introduction Salp is a genus of free-floating, barrel-shaped tunicates belonging to the class Thaliacea within the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata). These fascinating marine organisms are pelagic, found drifting in oceans worldwide, particularly in temperate and tropical regions. Known for their remarkable transparency and bioluminescence, Salp species play a vital role in…

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DOLIOLUM

Introduction Doliolum is a genus of small, free-swimming, barrel-shaped tunicates belonging to the class Thaliacea within the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) of the phylum Chordata. These pelagic organisms are found in oceans worldwide, typically in warm and temperate regions. Doliolum is known for its streamlined body, which is well-adapted for efficient…

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PYROSOMA

Introduction Pyrosoma is a genus of free-floating colonial tunicates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) in the phylum Chordata. These fascinating marine organisms form tubular colonies composed of hundreds to thousands of individual zooids embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Often referred to as "sea pickles" due to their shape and…

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HERDMANIA

Introduction Herdmania, a genus of sea squirts belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata), is a marine invertebrate commonly found in shallow coastal waters. These organisms are sac-like, sessile filter feeders enclosed in a protective tunic composed of tunicin, a cellulose-like material. As tunicates, Herdmania exhibits fascinating evolutionary traits, including the…

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CIONA

Introduction Ciona is a genus of sea squirts, marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) within the phylum Chordata. Often called "sea vase" due to their vase-like appearance, species in this genus are sessile filter feeders, thriving in marine environments around the world. They are characterized by their translucent,…

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ASCIDIA

Introduction Ascidia refers to a genus of sea squirts, which are sessile marine invertebrates belonging to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) in the phylum Chordata. These intriguing organisms are often regarded as a bridge between invertebrates and vertebrates due to their chordate features, such as a notochord and a dorsal nerve…

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GAVIALIS (GHARIYAL)

Introduction The genus Gavialis represents one of the most distinctive groups of crocodilians, commonly known as gharials. These ancient reptiles are renowned for their elongated, narrow snouts, perfectly adapted for catching fish, their primary prey. Gavialis gangeticus, the gharial, is the sole extant species of this genus and is a…

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ALLIGATOR

Introduction Alligators, members of the family Alligatoridae, are remarkable reptiles with a lineage dating back over 37 million years. Often referred to as "living fossils," they are a testament to the resilience of nature. Two extant species represent this genus: the American alligator (A. mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (A.…

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CROCODYLUS (CROCODILE)

Introduction The genus Crocodylus encompasses true crocodiles, large, semiaquatic reptiles found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Known for their formidable appearance and powerful bite, these apex predators are essential for maintaining the health and balance of aquatic ecosystems. With their ancient lineage, crocodiles are often referred to as "living…

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NAJA (COBRA)

Introduction The genus Naja includes the true cobras, known for their iconic hood displays and potent venom. Found across Africa, Asia, and parts of the Middle East, these snakes are highly adaptable and occupy diverse habitats. Cobras are both feared and revered, playing significant roles in ecosystems and human culture.…

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BUNGARUS (KRAIT)

Introduction The genus Bungarus, commonly known as kraits, comprises highly venomous snakes found primarily in South and Southeast Asia. Known for their striking black and white bands and nocturnal behavior, kraits are formidable predators in their habitats. Despite their lethality, they are generally shy and prefer to avoid confrontation with…

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AGKISTRODON (PIT VIPERS)

Introduction The genus Agkistrodon refers to venomous pit vipers, including the well-known copperheads and cottonmouths, native to North America. These snakes are recognized for their heat-sensitive pit organs, enabling them to detect warm-blooded prey. They inhabit a variety of environments, from forests and swamps to rocky hillsides. Agkistrodon snakes are…

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VIPERA (PITLESS VIPER)

Introduction The genus Vipera, commonly referred to as pitless vipers or true vipers, includes venomous snakes predominantly found in Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. Unlike pit vipers, Vipera species lack heat-sensing pit organs but possess keen vision and smell to detect prey. These snakes are highly adaptable, thriving…

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CROTALUS (RATTLE SNAKE)

Introduction The genus Crotalus, commonly known as rattlesnakes, consists of venomous pit vipers native to the Americas. Known for their distinctive rattle, used as a warning mechanism, these snakes are found in diverse habitats, including deserts, grasslands, forests, and rocky areas. With their keen senses and potent venom, Crotalus species…

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HYDROPHIS (SEA SNAKE)
Classification of Hydrophis (Sea Snake)

HYDROPHIS (SEA SNAKE)

Introduction The genus Hydrophis comprises a group of highly specialized, venomous sea snakes found in the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These snakes are adapted to a fully aquatic lifestyle, rarely venturing onto land. With paddle-like tails and salt-excreting glands, Hydrophis species are well-suited for life in…

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DENDROPHIS (TREE SNAKE)

Introduction The genus Dendrophis, commonly known as tree snakes or bronzebacks, includes non-venomous, arboreal snakes found in Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. Known for their slender bodies and remarkable agility, Dendrophis snakes are adept climbers that inhabit forests, plantations, and gardens. They play an essential role in their…

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NATRIX (GRASS SNAKE OR WATER SNAKE)

Introduction The genus Natrix includes non-venomous, semi-aquatic snakes commonly known as grass snakes or water snakes. Found across Europe, parts of Asia, and North Africa, they inhabit wetlands, forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. Notable species like Natrix natrix (European grass snake) and Natrix tessellata (dice snake) are well adapted to…

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PTYAS (RAT SNAKE)

Introduction The genus Ptyas, commonly referred to as rat snakes, includes non-venomous, fast-moving snakes found in parts of Asia, including China, India, and Southeast Asia. Notable species like P. mucosa (Indian rat snake) and P. korros (Indochinese rat snake) are among the most recognized members of this genus. These snakes…

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ERYX (SAND BOA)

Introduction The genus Eryx, commonly known as sand boas, consists of non-venomous, burrowing snakes native to parts of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and India. These snakes are small to medium-sized and are adapted to live in sandy or loose-soil environments, where they are expert hunters and elusive burrowers.…

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PYTHON (AJGAR)

Introduction Pythons are large, non-venomous snakes belonging to the family Pythonidae. Found primarily in Africa, Asia, and Australia, these snakes are known for their immense size and constricting hunting technique. Species like the reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) and Burmese python (P. bivittatus) are some of the longest and heaviest snakes…

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TYPHLOPS (BLIND SNAKE)

Introduction The genus Typhlops comprises a group of small, burrowing snakes commonly referred to as blind snakes. They are distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, including Africa, Asia, and the Americas. These snakes are characterized by their small size, smooth scales, and reduced or non-functional eyes covered by scales, which…

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RATTUS RATTUS (RAT)

Introduction Rattus rattus, commonly known as the black rat or roof rat, is a small rodent species native to the Indian subcontinent but now distributed worldwide due to human activities. Known for its adaptability, the black rat thrives in diverse environments, including urban areas, forests, and agricultural lands. While often…

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FUNAMBULUS (SQUIRREL)

Introduction The genus Funambulus includes striped squirrels, commonly found in South Asia, especially in India, Sri Lanka, and surrounding regions. These small rodents are known for their distinctive stripes running along their back and their lively, agile movements. Often seen in urban and forested areas, striped squirrels are integral to…

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LEPUS (HARE)

Introduction The genus Lepus encompasses hares and jackrabbits, which are fast-moving mammals found across a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, deserts, forests, and tundra. Known for their powerful hind legs and long ears, hares are distinct from rabbits in their solitary nature and more robust build. Hares play an…

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ORYCTOLAGUS (RABBIT)

Introduction Oryctolagus cuniculus, commonly known as the European rabbit, is a small mammal native to the Iberian Peninsula and parts of North Africa. It is the progenitor of all domestic rabbit breeds and plays a significant ecological and economic role. However, in areas where it has been introduced, such as…

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OPHISAURUS (GLASS LIZARD)

Introduction Ophisaurus, commonly referred to as glass lizards, are a genus of legless lizards found across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. Despite their snake-like appearance, they are true lizards, distinguished by features like movable eyelids and external ear openings. Their name "glass lizard" comes from their ability to…

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HELODERMA (GILLA MONSTER)

Introduction The genus Heloderma includes venomous lizards like the Gila monster (H. suspectum) and the Mexican beaded lizard (H. horridum). These lizards are native to arid and semi-arid regions of North and Central America. Known for their slow movements and bead-like skin texture, Heloderma species are unique among lizards due…

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VARANUS (MONITOR LIZARD)

Introduction The genus Varanus encompasses a wide range of monitor lizards, known for their intelligence, agility, and adaptability. These reptiles are found across Africa, Asia, and Australia, inhabiting diverse ecosystems such as forests, deserts, and wetlands. Species like the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) and the water monitor (Varanus salvator) are…

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CHAMELEON

Introduction Chameleons are a group of reptiles belonging to the family Chamaeleonidae. Known for their extraordinary ability to change color, chameleons are native to Africa, Madagascar, southern Europe, and parts of Asia. They are arboreal lizards with unique adaptations like independently moving eyes and a projectile tongue. These fascinating creatures…

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CLARIAS (Cat fish)

Introduction The genus Clarias consists of air-breathing catfishes, widely recognized for their ability to survive in extreme aquatic environments and traverse land. Native to Africa and Asia, species like Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus are resilient, making them vital to ecosystems and aquaculture. Their unique adaptations have made them a…

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LABEO ROHITA (ROHU)

Introduction Labeo rohita, commonly known as rohu, is a freshwater fish of the carp family (Cyprinidae). It is native to rivers, lakes, and ponds in South Asia and is one of the most important aquaculture species in the Indian subcontinent. Renowned for its commercial value, rohu is a popular food…

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NOTOPTERUS (CHITALA)

Introduction The bronze featherback (Notopterus notopterus) is a freshwater fish native to South and Southeast Asia, inhabiting rivers, lakes, and swamps. Recognizable by its elongated, laterally compressed body and silvery-bronze coloration, it holds ecological significance and faces conservation challenges. Classification of Notopterus (Chitala) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord,…

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ESOX LUCIUS (PIKE)

Introduction The northern pike (Esox lucius), commonly known as pike, is a predatory fish native to freshwater bodies across the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. Recognizable by its elongated body, sharp teeth, and distinctive coloration, the pike is both a valued game fish and a…

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SALMO SALAR (TROUT)

Introduction The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae and can grow up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon are anadromous, meaning they begin their life in freshwater, migrate to the ocean to feed…

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GORILLA

Introduction Gorillas are the largest living primates and belong to the genus Gorilla. They are divided into two species: the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei) and the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), each with subspecies such as the mountain gorilla and the western lowland gorilla. Native to the forests of central and…

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PONGO (ORANGUTAN)

Introduction The genus Pongo encompasses the three species of orangutans: the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), and the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). These critically endangered primates are native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, primarily on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Known for their distinctive…

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PAN TRIGLODYTES (CHIMPANZEE)

Introduction The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is one of the closest living relatives to humans, sharing approximately 98-99% of our DNA. Native to the forests and savannahs of Africa, chimpanzees are highly intelligent primates known for their complex social structures and tool-use abilities. They are integral to the ecosystems they inhabit…

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HYLOBATES (GIBBON)

Introduction Hylobates is a genus of small apes known as gibbons, commonly referred to as "lesser apes" due to their smaller size compared to great apes like gorillas and chimpanzees. Native to Southeast Asia, gibbons are arboreal primates renowned for their extraordinary agility, long arms, and melodious vocalizations. They are…

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MACACA MULATA (RHESUS MONKEY)

Introduction The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most widely recognized and studied primates in the world. Native to South, Central, and Southeast Asia, this medium-sized monkey is known for its adaptability to diverse habitats, from tropical forests to urban environments. Rhesus macaques have a significant place in…

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MABUIA (SKINK)

Introduction Skinks (Mabuia) are a diverse group of lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, encompassing over 1,500 species distributed worldwide. They are known for their elongated bodies, smooth scales, and varying limb sizes, with some species even being limbless. Skinks thrive in a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, deserts,…

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CALOTES (GARDEN LIZARD)

Introduction Calotes is a genus of lizards commonly referred to as garden lizards or agamids, found primarily in South and Southeast Asia. These lizards are known for their striking coloration, ability to adapt to various environments, and often for their unique behavior of head-bobbing and displaying their throat fans. They…

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MOLOCH (THORNY DEVIL)

Introduction Moloch horridus, commonly known as the thorny devil, is a small, spiny lizard native to the arid and semi-arid deserts of Australia. It is a fascinating creature adapted to survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth. Covered in sharp, conical spines, the thorny devil is known for…

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DRACO (FLYING LIZARD)

Introduction Draco, commonly known as "flying dragons," is a genus of small, arboreal lizards native to Southeast Asia. These fascinating reptiles are famous for their ability to glide between trees, a behavior made possible by specialized ribs and wing-like flaps of skin called patagia. Draco lizards are typically found in…

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CROTAPHYTUS (COLLARED LIZARD)

Introduction Crotaphytus is a genus of lizards commonly known as collared lizards, named for the distinct black bands or "collars" around their necks. These lizards are native to arid and semi-arid regions of North America, including the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Collared lizards are medium-sized and known for…

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SIREN (MUD EEL)

Classification of Siren (Mud Eel) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and…

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AMPHIUMA  (CONGO EEL)

Classification of Amphiuma (Congo Eel) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land.…

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TRITURUS CRISTATUS (CRESTED NEWT)

Classification of Triturus Cristatus (Crested Newt) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water…

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SALAMANDRA (FIRE SALAMANDER)

Classification of Salamandra (Fire Salamander) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and…

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AXOLOTL LARVA

Classification of Axolotl Larva Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water and land.…

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AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM (TIGER SALAMANDER)

Classification of Ambystoma Maculatum (Tiger Salamander) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and bony skeleton.) Class :- Amphibia (Cold blooded. Scaleless glandular skin. Can live in water…

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LEPIDOSTEUS (GARPIKE)

Classification of Lepidosteus (Garpike) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…

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AMIA CALVA | BOWFIN

Classification of Amia Calva | Bowfin Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.)…

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ACIPENSER (STURGEON)

Classification of Acipenser (Sturgeon) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…

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POLYODON (PADDLE FISH)

Classification of Polyodon (Paddle Fish) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class…

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POLYPTERUS (BICHIR)

Classification of Polypterus (Bichir) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Pisces (Paired fins, gills and skin with scales.) Class :-…

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MANIS (SCALY ANTEATER)

Classification of Manis (Scaly Anteater) Phylum :- Chordata (Dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord and gill-slits present.) Group :- Craniata (Definite head, Cranium with brain present.) Sub phylum :- Vertebrata (Vertebral column present.) Division :- Gnathostomata (Jaws and paired appendages present.) Super Class :- Tetrapoda (Paired limbs, lungs, cornified skin and…

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